Measurement and formulation of the thermodynamic properties. It was chosen as the preferred equation of state because it provided the most accurate. The epa recommends foodservice businesses choose r290 also known as hydrocarbon or hc refrigerant, which is natural, nontoxic, and free of ozonedepleting properties. Aug 05, 2017 thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r4a, also known as 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, r4a, freon 4a, forane 4a, genetron 4a, florasol 4a, suva 4a or hfc4a and norflurane inn. When comparing the solubility of hfo1234zee with an hfc refrigerant like r4a, at normal operating conditions, it appears that hfo1234zee will dilute more into a lubricant than would r4a. This reminds us of some of the basic characteristics of r4a refrigerant. Read online refrigerant r4a freon book pdf free download link book now. Air conditioning with r744 refrigerant pdf free download. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Ever since 1993 r4a has been the staple refrigerant for automotive applications. R 4a system pressure chart ac pro nrf car air conditioning.
This makes the equipments compact and reduced the operating cost. R4a is hydrofluorocarbon hfc refrigerant, making it chlorine free and a greener alternative to earlier air conditioning refrigerants. Many working fluids have been used for such purposes. Refrigerant r4a freon pdf book manual free download. This is a haloalkane refrigerant with thermodynamic properties similar to r12 dichlorodifluoromethane but with insignificant ozone depletion. Thermodynamic properties of r4a mcgrawhill education. Therefore, only chlorinefree refrigerants are permitted today. Refrigerant r4a is a hydrofluorocarbon hfc that has zero potential to cause the depletion of the ozone layer and very little greenhouse effect. Find the properties at point 4, the pressure drop across the expansion device, the quality of the refrigerant and properties at point 1.
With the discovery of the damaging effect of cfcs and hcfcs refrigerants to the ozone layer, the hfc family of refrigerant has been widely used as their replacement. Refrigerants commonly used refrigerants methane series. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure. This study proposed a model of refrigerant mass distribution in a prototype oil free vcr system using a linear compressor with variable strokes and r4a. Characteristics of refrigerant 4a free ase practice. Notice the 2 chlorine atoms in the r12 are missing, and hydrogen atoms have been added. Comparative evaluation of refrigerant properties full ul, performance, operating maps and reliability testing thermophysical similarity of r448a and r449a has been verified the thermophysical properties of r448a are much closer to r407a than r404a r404a is much denser than r448a. The current generation of refrigerants, hydrofluorocarbons hfcs, have zero. Product title 6312 r4a 12 oz refrigerant, technical chemical company, each, ea, 100% pure n average rating. R4a is also known as tetrafluoroethane cf3ch2f from the family of hfc refrigerant. R4a systems should not be converted to use r1234yf as these systems are unable to be converted to a level that satisfies the requirements of international standards sae j639 and sae j2842 set for systems that use r1234yf.
Refrigerant r4a properties, uses, storage, and handling. With environmental emphasis now changing, were at the forefront of another refrigerant transition. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. Refrigerant report introduction perspectives in refrigerant development alternative refrigerants overview global warming and tewi factor hcfc refrigerants r22 as transitional refrigerant chlorine free hfc refrigerants r4a as a substitute for r12 and r22 r152a an alternative to r4a.
Product kool ac ac manifold vacuum gauge hose diagnostic set, 5ft, refrigeration, r410 r22 r4a r404a with case. Refrigerant development and legal situation alternative refrigerants overview environmental aspects global warming and tewi factor ecoefficiency hcfc refrigerants r22 as transitional refrigerant hfc refrigerants r4a as a substitute for r12 and r22 alternatives to r4a refrigerant blends substitutes for r22 in refrigeration systems. Hfc4a was developed to replace chlorofluorocarbon cfc refrigerants. Replacement in mobile air conditioning mac as well as bus and train ac car manufacturers are replacing it with solstice yf. R4a belongs to a group of chemicals called hydrofluorocarbons hfcs and is also known as hfc4a. Table a1 molar mass, gas constant, and criticalpoint properties table a2 idealgas specific heats of various common gases table a3 properties of common liquids, solids, and foods table a4 saturated watertemperature table table a5 saturated waterpressure table table a6 superheated water table a7 compressed liquid water table a8 saturated icewater vapor.
Blends of reduced gwp include in addition to r4a, r1234yf and r1234zee primarily the refrigerants r32, r125 and r152a. The objective of this paper is to present thermodynamic properties and characteristics of the binary refrigerant mixtures r 32r 4a in compositions 2080%, 3070%, 4060% by mass and of the. Investigating the refrigerant distribution under varied operating conditions can provide a deeper understanding of refrigerant charge optimization. Air conditioning free delivery possible on eligible purchases. Used for mac, bus and train ac, orc, and mediumtemperature stationary applications. Refrigerant i34a cf3ch2f 1 1 1 2tetra fluoroethane. Freon 4a thermodynamic properties freon refrigerants. R4a is capable to be at temperatures of 28c at room temperatures of 38c, its performance being very similar to that of an r12. Product kool ac ac manifold vacuum gauge hose diagnostic set, 5ft. R4a is the nonflammable and nonexplosive, has toxicity within limits and good chemical stability.
The usage of oil free compressors solves many of the problems that lubricants consisting of a mixture of oil and refrigerant cause. Air conditioning air conditioning systems heating, cooling and dehumidification of indoor air for thermal comfort. R4a condenses as it cools, so it then is sent to the evaporator where it is made back into a vapor again. Instead of purchasing 1 can of refrigerant at a higher price, this item has an industry low price per can. Refrigerant r4a thermodynamic properties eng units 2 equations the mbwr equation of state was used to calculate the tables of thermodynamic properties. Reference states used for most refr igerants correspo nd to the inter. Even for r4a, values listed on property summary sheets pre pared by various chemical manufacturers are often inconsistent. R4a pressure enthalpy chart the engineering mindset. Halocarbon 4a, dymel 4a, refrigerant gas 4a, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane 1. Jul 17, 2017 r4a belongs to a group of chemicals called hydrofluorocarbons hfcs and is also known as hfc4a. It has been in use since the early 1990s and now, in 2019, we are beginning to see its popularity wane with the rise of the new hfo refrigerant. R4a, chemically 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane cf 3 ch 2 f is a nonflammable gas used primarily as a hightemperature refrigerant for domestic refrigeration and automobile air conditioners. A comparison is made with experimental data for pure r32, r 125 and r.
Toxicity is the important properties of refrigerants. Buy r4a charging hose to refrigerator, can tap with gauge r4a can to r12r22 port. However, taking into account thermodynamic properties, flammability, toxicity and global warming potential, the list of potential candidates is very limited. As all hfc refrigerants not damage the ozone layer. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years. Comparative analysis of r290r600a with commonly used. The thermodynamic and physical properties of freon 4a, coupled with its low toxicity, make it a very efficient and safe replacement refrigerant for cfc12 in many segments of the refrigeration industry, most notably in automotive air conditioning, appliances, small stationary equipment, mediumtemperature supermarket cases, and. Initially, it appeared that r1234yf would become the refrigerant.
Tetrafluoroethane r4a c2f4h2 safety data sheet sds. Pdf depletion of ozone layer in the stratosphere and global warming caused due to the use of different cfc and. The general conclusion of the thesis is that the refrigerant affects all of the measured properties negatively on the subject of lubrication and life of the rolling element bearing. R4a is the most common refrigerant found in automobiles today. The reason can be found in the structure and properties of the molecules. A fundamental equation of state for the helmholtz free energy of r 4a 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane is presented which is valid for temperatures between 170 k and 455 k and pressures up to 70 mpa.
Understanding applications for alternate refrigerants. Jul 07, 2019 refrigerant r12 properties table filetype pdf r12 properties table filetype pdf product data summary and thermodynamic tables. Hfc4a was developed to replace chlorofluorocarbon cfc refrigerants that contain chlorine, which damages the ozone layer. R12 dichlorodifluoromethane properties thermodynamic properties of saturated and superheated dichlorodifluoromethane cf 2 cl 2 specific volume, enthalpy and entropy. This international standard is applicable to the refrigerants r12, r22, r32, r123, r125, r4a, r143a, r152a, r717 ammonia, and r744 carbon dioxide and to the refrigerant blends r404a, r407c, r410a, and r507a. Vacuum pump discharge lines should be free of restrictions. It is now being used as a replacement for r12 cfc refrigerant. The process is very similar to blowing on hot food to cool it off.
The new refrigerant is designated as r5a and its global warming potential is 573, far higher than the worldwide accepted limit of 150 for new auto ac refrigerants, which explains why it initially was. Table a1 molar mass, gas constant, and criticalpoint properties table a2 idealgas specific heats of various common gases table a3 properties of common liquids, solids, and foods table a4. R4a is the most commonly used refrigerant for automotive applications rather it be your twenty year old toyota camry or your kenworth t200 semitruck. Keep your cars air conditioner cool all summer long with this valuepack of r4 r4a refrigerant. A international standard formulation for the thermodynamic properties of 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane hfc4a for temperatures from 170 k to 455 k and pressures up to 70 mpa. Technical r4a data sheet features and uses of r4a the refrigerant gas r4a is a hfc replacing r12 in new installations. Approved in 2011, hc has a low gwp and is one of the most climatefriendly and costeffective refrigerants available. In most cycles it undergoes phase transitions from a liquid to a gas and back again. R4a has been considerably improved by the recent publication of measurements by wilson and basu 1988 and kabata eta 1988.
Before 93 we used r12 for our vehicles and now, as i write this article in 2018, there is. It is designed for use in lowpressure centrifugal chillers in industrial and commercial applications. Reduce refrigerant leak to 10% per year, refrigerant gwp by 50%, and reduce charge by 65% 40% indirect warming impact energy consumption. It has a great chemical and thermal stability, low toxicity and is nonflammable, besides having an excellent compatibility with most materials. The locations to the left of the saturated liquid curve indicate that the refrigerant is in liquid form and locations to the right of the saturated vapor curve indicate that the refrigerant is in vapor form. Desirable properties of refrigerants chemical engineering site. R4a refrigerant pressure temperature chart refrigerant hq. However, the compressor must use a synthetic polyester lubricating oil. Answer a states that r4a changes from a vapor to a liquid as it absorbs heat. Modeling of thermodynamic properties for pure refrigerants and.
Measurement and formulation of the thermodynamic properties of. Table 5 shows the comparison of poe lubricants that are used with hfc refrigerants. An understanding of the pressuretemperature relationship of refrigerants as theypass through the refrigeration compression cycle also will help you as you study this chapter on refrigerant. Basu, thermodynamic properties of a new stratospherically safe working fluidrefrigerant 4a, ashrae trans. Figure a15 nelsonobert generalized compressibility chart. A familiarity with these diagrams will make this chapter easier. The toxicity depends upon the concentration and exposure. R4a consists of 2 hydrogen atoms and 4 four fluorine atoms, bonded to 2 carbon atoms. Refrigerant properties courses, free refrigerant properties information, data sheets, pressure enthalpy diagrams. New tables of the thermodynamic properties of hfc4a. R4a systems were not designed to operate using a flammable refrigerant. Apr 12, 2020 higher heat transfer coefficient requires smaller area and lower pressure drop. Scroll down to find download buttons for pressure enthalpy charts in either metric or imperial units. Carrier, announced that its commitment to pursue the commercialization of hfc free refrigerants in road transportation refrigeration by 2020.
With this in mind, the working group has taken as its starting point the results of annex 18 thermophysical properties of the environmentally acceptable refrigerants of the heat pump. R4a is an hfc refrigerant used on its own as a pure refrigerant and also as a component in many blends. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. Download refrigerant r4a freon book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. For mediumtemperature stationary applications, replace it with solstice ze. Feature difference of refrigerant r4a and r22 news. Characteristics of refrigerant 4a free ase practice tests. Key properties of the main refrigerants are given in together with their typical application ranges. Applications solstice n r 450a is an excellent medium pressure, low gwp, high efficiency and nonflammable refrigerant. The refrigerants should be non poisonous to humans and food stuff. Comparative evaluation of refrigerant properties full ul, performance, operating maps and reliability testing thermophysical similarity of r448a and r449a has been verified the thermophysical properties. Thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r4a, also known as 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, r4a, freon 4a, forane 4a, genetron 4a, florasol 4a, suva 4a or hfc4a and norflurane inn.
Thermodynamic properties of r4a tetraflouroethane cf3ch2f. It is safe for normal handling as it is nontoxic, nonflammable and noncorrosive. Nissan refrigerant and oil capacity charts perfect nissan. R12 is a colorless gas containing 2 atoms of chlorine and 2 atoms of fluorine, bonded to an atom of carbon. It is widely used in automotive air conditioning and. Hfc4a does not contain chlorine as cfc12 refrigerant does. Hydrofluorocarbons are used mainly as residential and automotive refrigerants. It is also a common component in many hfc refrigerant. It is now being used as a replacement for r12 cfc refrigerant in the area of centrifugal.
This is a haloalkane refrigerant with thermodynamic properties. Opteon xp30 r514a refrigerant is nonflammable, classified as b1 by ashrae. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the. R4a first appeared in early 19903 as 33 replacement for r12. In addition, we define two dimensionless distances from the critical point tt. A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle.
1529 417 720 732 188 246 420 367 402 869 1183 599 219 221 102 612 518 1435 1204 829 160 477 42 871 111 1226 263 202 1421 135 291 975 1139 129 16 360 1054